|
Feather tights is the name usually given by art historians to a form of costume seen on Late Medieval depictions of angels, which shows them as if wearing a body suit with large scale-like overlapping downward-pointing elements representing feathers, as well as having large wings. Other sources use feathered angels to describe the style. The style is assumed to derive from actual costumes worn by those playing angels in medieval religious drama, with the "feathered" elements presumably flaps or lappets of cloth or leather sewn onto a body suit.〔Anderson (1964), 168; Plate 10.1 (here shows a modern production at York ) attempting to recreate the effect, sadly with very baggy suits.〕 The feathers on angels in art can often to be seen to stop abruptly at the neck, wrists and ankles, sometimes with a visible hemline, reflecting these originals.〔As for example on the Holy Thorn Reliquary; Tait 43〕 Mary Magdalene's hair suit is another iconographic feature, with a background in hagiographic legend, whose depiction apparently borrows from religious drama. Historians of English churches tend to refer to the feather tights style as 15th century, and by implication essentially English,〔Anderson (1964), 167-168〕 but it can be seen in several major late medieval European works from the late 14th to early 16th centuries. These include the Holy Thorn Reliquary in the British Museum, made by a court goldsmith in Paris in the 1390s,〔Tait, 43〕 and on two wooden angels from South Germany around 1530 (Museum Kunstpalast Düsseldorf, right), as well as two stone ones hovering over the ''Lamentation of Christ'' by Tilman Riemenschneider at Maidbronn (1526), and others on Veit Stoss's wooden altarpiece at Bamberg Cathedral (1520–23).〔Mellinkoff, 22; Kahrsniz and Bunz, 405〕 There is also a figure with greenish-black feathers, in Matthias Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece of 1515.〔Russell; until Mellinkoff's book largely on this figure, he was often taken to be the Archangel Michael, as (here )〕 The "devil in his feathers" featured in the Chester Midsummer Watch Parade as late as the 1590s, provided by the butcher's guild; these parades had originally used the costumes from the Chester Plays,〔F. W. Fairholt, ''Gog and Magog: The Giants in Guildhall; Their Real and Legendary History With an Account of Other Civic Giants, at Home and Abroad'', p. 53, reprint, Book Tree, 2000 ISBN 1-58509-084-0, ISBN 978-1-58509-084-6, (google books )〕 where "the devil in his feathers, all ragger () and rent" also appeared.〔Kelly, A.K., "Metamorphoses in the Serpent in Eden", p. 316, ''Viator'', Volume 2, University of California Press, 1972, ISBN 0-520-01830-3, ISBN 978-0-520-01830-3, (google books )〕 An early English version of the style is found in the Egerton Genesis Picture Book, an unusual and much discussed illuminated manuscript attributed by the British Library (who own it) to "England, S.E. or N. (Norwich or Durham?)" in the "3rd quarter of the 14th century".〔(Egerton Genesis Picture Book ) or MS Egerton 1894, British Library; see Joslin, Mary Coker and Carolyn Coker Joslin Watson. ''The Egerton Genesis'', The British Library Studies in Medieval Culture. 2001, the section beginning on p. 142〕 ==Context== It is believed that this practice arose from medieval liturgical dramas and mystery plays, in which the actors portraying angels wore garments covered with feathers to emphasize their power of flight,〔 often standing on "clouds" of wool. Costumed angels also might be introduced for one-off special occasions: at the coronation of Henry VII's queen, Elizabeth of York, in 1487 an angel swinging a large censer was lowered from the roof of Old St Paul's, and at the marriage of their son Arthur to Catherine of Aragon in 1501, the archangel Raphael was part of the ceremony, with "goldyn and glyteryng wingis and ffedyrs of many and sundry colours".〔Roof angels〕 The feathering might be used as a substitute for other clothing, or under vestments or Saint Michael's armour. Feathered tights are not to be confused with the feathers of the extra pairs of wings traditionally attributed to cherubim and other higher orders of angels, which are often shown pointing downwards covering the legs. Further enhancements to actor's costumes might include expensive real peacock feathers to represent the "eyed" wing feathers of the cherubim; elsewhere whether real or simulated feathers, or a combination, were worn by actors is unclear. The more common and traditional angelic costume of an alb-like robe flowing to the feet was also used in drama, as records show.〔Meredith, 144〕 The depictions may be in wood, stone or alabaster, or glass.〔 The well-preserved church of St Mary the Virgin, Ewelme has examples in wood on the roof and the top of the large font cover, and in stone and alabaster round the tomb monument to Alice de la Pole, Duchess of Suffolk, and the Beauchamp Chapel in the Collegiate Church of St Mary, Warwick has ones in stone (still painted) and glass.〔Gothic, 225-226〕 Other examples from English churches in painted or stained glass are at Great Malvern Priory, St Nicholas, Blakeney and Cawston, Norfolk, St Peter Hungate in Norwich〔The last three are illustrated in Coe, pp. 88-89, all playing instruments,〕 and the Victoria and Albert Museum (Norwich School),〔Coe, 23, illustrates V&A C.338 1937; also (C.340 1937 ), (C.339 1937 )〕 which also has a large painted Nottingham alabaster figure of the Archangel Michael some 70 cm tall.〔(V&A page ) on ''Saint Michael Attacking the Dragon and Weighing a Soul'', ca. 1430-1470, which gives a height of 75.6 cm for the whole panel; ; Gothic, 294,〕 The rare surviving wall paintings on the crossing-arch at St Mary's Attleborough, Norfolk include two prominent feathered angels.〔(Norfolk churches )〕 File:Stained glass in the Burrell CollectionDSCF0487 06.JPG|English 15th-century fragment in the Burrell Collection File:St Nicholas Blakeney N window detail222.jpg|St Nicholas, Blakeney File:Angel on the ceiling - geograph.org.uk - 1605821.jpg|St Mary the Virgin, Ewelme File:Holy Thorn Reliquaryrear.jpg|Archangel Michael on the Holy Thorn Reliquary, 1390s File:Stained glass in the Burrell CollectionDSCF0487 07.JPG|Another Burrell Collection fragment 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Feather tights」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|